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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of progressive motor neuron disease and the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder. ALS is characterized by progressive paralysis and respiratory failure leading to death within 3 to 5 years after its onset. Protein–energy malnutrition is a frequent finding in ALS. The pathogenesis of protein–energy malnutrition in ALS is multifactorial...
Because of an initial activation of proinflammatory cytokines that facilitates leukocyte transmigration, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and its severity is accelerated by the occurrence of complex interactions of oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with monocyte-derived macrophages.The present study investigated whether luteolin suppresses adheren junction-associated...
Most aggressive cancers demonstrate a positive positron emission tomographic (PET) result using 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG), reflecting a glycolytic phenotype. Inhibiting insulin secretion provides a method, consistent with published mechanisms, for limiting cancer growth.Eligible patients with advanced incurable cancers had a positive PET result, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group...
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of maternal dietary energy types on the mRNA expressions of the placental nutrient transporter and intrauterine fetal growth and to examine whether altered intrauterine fetal growth could be associated with different gene expressions relating to fetal energy metabolism and DNA methylation.Seventy-two 3-mo-old rats were allocated to one of...
The proteins in the lungs are in constant flux, undergoing degradation and resynthesis. We investigated pulmonary protein and amino acid metabolism, the biochemical basis of the remodeling process, in individuals with chronic heart failure receiving or not receiving β-blocker therapy with bisoprolol (BIS).Clinically stable rehabilitative patients with chronic heart failure, without metabolic diseases...
Protein–energy wasting is frequently found in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Anorexia and hypophagia contribute to malnutrition and increased morbidity and mortality, but the clinical impact of correcting hypophagia remains uncertain. We evaluated whether the correction of hypophagia influences morbidity and mortality in anorexic patients on HD.Thirty-four patients on HD were enrolled in a 2-y follow-up...
To report the relation between dietary energy density and dietary diversity score (DDS) in Isfahanian female university students.This cross-sectional study was conducted in 289 healthy females who were randomly chosen by a cluster random sampling method from among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. A validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to...
The inflammatory process seen in multiple sclerosis is due to an excess production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferons, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, HMGB1 (high mobility group B1), and, possibly, a reduction in antiinflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-4, and transforming growth factor-β that leads to increased secretion of reactive oxygen...
To evaluate the body composition and inflammatory status in patients on hemodialysis (HD) according to the cutoff of 23 kg/m 2 for the body mass index (BMI).Forty-seven patients (30 men, 11 diabetics, 53.8 ± 12.2 y of age, 58.2 ± 50.9 mo on HD) were studied. Anthropometric data and handgrip strength were evaluated. C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, and interleukin-6 were...
The use of anthropometric measurements to estimate the percentage of body fat (%BF) is easy and inexpensive. However, the accuracy of these methods in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) has not been explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of skinfold-based models, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in estimations of %BF using dual-energy X-ray...
Helicobacter pylori is known to affect the host’s nutritional status. This study was performed to elucidate the relationship between H. pylori status and the dynamics of the ghrelin system, in the context of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) expression.We conducted a clinical study of 30 subjects focusing on the following points: 1) the effects of H. pylori infection on the concentrations of circulating...
Arginine (Arg) is known to possess numerous useful physiological properties and immunomodulatory effects. Th17 cells are a unique T-helper cell lineage. Regulation of Th17 cells plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. This study investigated the effect of Arg on the exogenous advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-induced Th17-mediated immune response.Rats were randomly...
The use of continuous intravenous regular human insulin (RHI) infusion is often necessary to achieve glycemic control in critically ill patients. Because insulin is a high-risk medication owing to the potential for severe hypoglycemia, it is imperative that insulin infusion algorithms are designed to be safe, effective, and instructionally clear. The safety and efficacy of our intravenous RHI infusion...
Caffeine is a constituent of many non-alcoholic beverages. Pharmacological actions of caffeine include the antagonism of adenosine receptors and the inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. The A 1 adenosine receptors present on adipocytes are involved in the control of fatty acid uptake and lipolysis. In this study, the effects of caffeine were characterized in a diet-induced metabolic syndrome...
In this study, we examined the relations between the rate of eating and circulating interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in Japanese men not being treated for metabolic diseases.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 170 men 40 to 59 y old (mean ± standard deviation, 51.4 ± 5.7 y old) who participated in health checkups in Japan and were not being treated for metabolic diseases. We measured clinical...
The A1 allele of the TaqIA polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (rs1800497) has been associated with obesity. However, the effect of the polymorphism on the success in weight loss and/or weight maintenance during weight-loss programs has not been evaluated thus far.The rs1800497 was genotyped in 202 (135 female, 67 male) severely obese individuals with an initial body mass index of 41.7 ±...
This multicenter, prospective cohort study evaluated the effect of preoperative nutritional support in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk as defined by the Nutritional Risk Screening Tool 2002 (NRS-2002).A consecutive series of patients admitted for selective abdominal surgery in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and the Beijing University Third Hospital in Beijing, China were...
Effective diabetic management requires reasonable weight control. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown the beneficial effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes after its long term administration. Furthermore, it favorably alters the cardiac risk factors even in hyperlipidemic obese subjects. These studies have indicated that, in addition to decreasing...
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